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Tyrocidine

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on May 12, 2007 at 10:40:35 pm
 

Tyrocidine

 

Tyrocidine is a cyclic decapeptide antibiotic that is produced by Bacillus brevis, a Gram-positive aerobic spore-forming bacillus commonly found in soil, air, water, and decaying matter. Tyrocidine is in fact a mixture of four cyclic decapeptides, tyrocidines A, B, C, and D. Tyrocidine is a constituent of tyrothricin, a mixture of polypeptide antibiotics.

 

Contents:

1. History

2. Biosynthesis

3. Mechanism of action

4. Clinical use

 

Mechanism of action


The cyclic decapeptide antibiotic tyrocidine is produced by Bacillus brevis on an enzyme complex comprising three peptide synthetases, TycA, TycB, and TycC (tyrocidine synthetases 1, 2, and 3), via the nonribosomal pathway. Nonribosomal pathways are characterized by substrates that are not restricted to the 20 proteinogenic amino acids; that is to say, the amino acids that are found in proteins and that are coded for in the standard genetic code. Products synthesized using this pathway can incorporate nonproteinogenic amino acids, such as hydroxy-, D-, and N-methylated amino acids.

 

1. Amino acids are first activated by conversion into AMP esters, which then bind to the enzyme through thioester linkages.

 

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